Tuesday, June 30, 2015

Save Greece

Now Greece is in the most critical economic moments . All banks are closed and people are out to protest for they  rights . Is the government's fault for all this caos and Europe Union need to help the citizens of Greece make a change of government and helping the people . Alexis Tsipras primer of Greece and his government need to leave the parliament for new government. 

Monday, June 29, 2015

Together

Helping the poor and all who's need help,  make us more human ! At the story of world have been so much person who gives to other people many  things , not profits . The most famous of all it's Jesus he give he's life for all us . He give he's life for us in a mode to make us more conscious to understand how we can be ,to live together,helping each other and not profits from others  . The second person is Muhamed and he like Jesus it's the most important all humans who give so much for all us . When Muhamed se the people in the Middle East in war against  each other he make the most geniality idea to keep him people together and not fighting between them by teaching the way of peace . But we humans never see the things how they are , we want to look like we want them to be . In all this 2 millennium Have been  so many wars between us but for what ? For nothing ..!! Many innocent people died children for egos of leadership. We all citizens of EARTH need to live together help each others ,work together to build the future and  have peace between us ..!! 

Friday, June 26, 2015

STOP TERRORRIST

Day by day, terrorist attack are added in many countries of the world.States with high terrorist activity are : 

1.Iraq ,it is under ISIS attacks and Al Qaeda 








2. Nigeria , attacked by "BOKO HARAM" 
were many people are killed by their attacks 









Stop ISLAMIC EXTREMISM attack

                                FRENCH FACTORY 

One person was killed and two people were hurt in the icident,wich began when a car was driven into gas canisters, setting off an exlposion.French Police identified the victim as the manager of a transportation company in the Rhone region but no name has been released.

Barbarism of Isis

 In one segmet of new video published by isis ,prisoners ore chained together through explosive necklaces.The explosive necklaces are then detonadet , causing decapitation.
 Prisoners locked in a cage are lowered into the water,where they would eventually drown . Once cage is raised, prisoners are "seen foaming at the mouth as they lie motionless on the floor of the cage,piled on top of one another".
Later in the video, prisoners who are locked in a car are shot by ISIS jihadi with an RPG, causing the vehicle to burst into the flames.

STOP ''IS-is'' CRIME

Women and girls from Iraq's Yazidi minority have been raped,sold into sexual slavery and abused by the Islamic State (IS) group in a systematic ethnic cleansing drive . Hundreds of Yazidi woman and girls have had their lives shattered by the horrors of sexual violence and sexual slavery in IS captivity . Many of those held as sexual slaves are children-girls aged 14,15 or even younger . IS fighter are using rape like a weapon in attacks amounting to war crimes and crimes againts humanity. 

Thursday, June 25, 2015

Charleston

                                                STOP RACISM
         



Nine people with black color were shot and killed during a bible study session at Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church in Charleston , South Carolina. Dylann Storm Roof ,21,had complained that 'blacks were taking over the world ' and that 'someone needed to do something about it for the white race',according to a friend who alerted the  FBI .He was arrested with his gun after an all-night  manhunt . 
Dylan Roof .21 years old 


STOP RACISM FOR OTHER RACE WE ARE ALL ONE WE ARE ALL HUMAN


Greece in Europe or out?

Greeks have more than 5 years under the tax increases ,job cuts and pensions cuts. 
Greece its part of Europe since 1 January 1981 and now European Union want to put out Greece because of unpaid debts .. The European Union should help Greece knowing that all Europe was hit by the economic crisis . For Greece is more difficult to stop the economic crisis . Europe Union like "UNION"  helping Greece confirms that it is really a union.


HELP UKRAINA

RUSSIA IT'S THE BIGGEST STATE IN WORLD  
AREA : 17,089,242 km2 
POPULATION :143,975,923   


AND FOR HAVING SO MUCH LAND THEY STILL CONTINUE THE BARBARIC IDEA OF INVASION OF NEIGHBORING TERRITORIES ...

UKRAINE IS THE FIRST COUNTRY OCCURRED UNDER RUSSIAN ATTACK BUT THE RUSSIANS THREATEN AND  SOME COUNTRIES SUCH THE BALTIC CONTRIES AND ALL EUROPE . SO WE ARE CLOSE WITH A 3 WORLD WAR .   

STOP THE IDEA OF INVASION WE ARE IN THE HALF OF  2015 WE NEED TO LOOK FORWARD TO A BETTER LIFE FOR ALL . NOW WORLD IT'S A BETTER PLACE AND TO MAKE BETTER THAN NOW WE NEED COOPERATION BETWEEN EACH OTHER .PEACE 

Wednesday, June 24, 2015

Boko Haram

                         SAVE PEOPLE OF NIGERIA                                  
DAY BY DAY PEOPLE DIE KILLED BY "BOKO HARAM"       

Boko Haram was founded as a Sunni Islamic fundamentalist sect advocating a strict form of Wahhabi law and developed into a Salafist-jihadi group in 2009, influenced by the Wahhabi movement. The movement is so diffuse that fighters associated with it do not necessarily follow Salafi doctrine.Boko Haram seeks the establishment of an Islamic state in Nigeria. It opposes the Westernization of Nigerian society and the concentration of the wealth of the country among members of a small political elite, mainly in the Christian south of the country. Nigeria is Africa's biggest economy, but 60% of its population of 173 million (2013) live on less than $1 a day.The sharia law imposed by local authorities, beginning with Zamfara in January 2000 and covering 12 northern states by late 2002, may have promoted links between Boko Haram and political leaders, but was considered by the group to have been corrupted.
According to Borno Sufi Imam Sheik Fatahi, Yusuf was trained by Kano Salafi Izala Sheik Ja'afar Mahmud Adamu, who called him the "leader of young people"; the two split some time in 2002–4. They both preached in Maiduguri's Indimi Mosque, which was attended by the deputy governor of Borno. Many of the group were reportedly inspired by Mohammed Marwa, known as Maitatsine ("He who curses others"), a self-proclaimed prophet (annabi, a Hausa word usually used only to describe the founder of Islam) born in Northern Cameroon who condemned the reading of books other than the Quran. In a 2009 BBC interview, Yusuf, described by analysts as being well-educated, reaffirmed his opposition to Western education. He rejected the theory of evolution, said that rain is not "an evaporation caused by the sun", and that the Earth is not a sphere.

SAVE THE POOR

 AFRICA IT'S A RICH LAND WITH POOR PEOPLE
Save the poor ...! How ?  giving food ? To giving water ? one time 3 time but in this mode they dont understand never how they can make a better life for them, heelping need just to teach how they can live ,work and to create .





                                       WHAT THEY NEED IS  KNOWLEDGE    THEY NEED : 
1.EDUCATION  
2.PEACE BETWEEN THEM ,NO WAR AND DESTRUCTION 
3.JOBS 
4.GOVERNMENT  WITHOUT CORRUPTION 

 5.NOT SLAVERY 

Tuesday, June 23, 2015

Goals of Green Building

The concept of sustainable development can be traced to the energy (especially fossil oil) crisis and environmental pollution concerns of the 1960s and 1970s. The Rachel Carson book, “Silent Spring”, published in 1962, is considered to be one of the first initial efforts to describe sustainable development as related to green building. The green building movement in the U.S. originated from the need and desire for more energy efficient and environmentally friendly construction practices. There are a number of motives for building green, including environmental, economic, and social benefits. However, modern sustainability initiatives call for an integrated and synergistic design to both new construction and in the retrofitting of existing structures. Also known as sustainable design, this approach integrates the building life-cycle with each green practice employed with a design-purpose to create a synergy among the practices used.
Green building brings together a vast array of practices, techniques, and skills to reduce and ultimately eliminate the impacts of buildings on the environment and human health. It often emphasizes taking advantage of renewable resources, e.g., using sunlight through passive solar, active solar, and photovoltaic equipment, and using plants and trees through green roofs, rain gardens, and reduction of rainwater run-off. Many other techniques are used, such as using low-impact building materials or using packed gravel or permeable concrete instead of conventional concrete or asphalt to enhance replenishment of ground water.

Monday, June 22, 2015

Green Building

Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) refers to both a structure and the using of processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition.In other words, green building design involves finding the balance between homebuilding and the sustainable environment. This requires close cooperation of the design team, the architects, the engineers, and the client at all project stages. The Green Building practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort.

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a set of rating systems for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of green buildings which was Developed by the U.S. Green Building Council.
Although new technologies are constantly being developed to complement current practices in creating greener structures, the common objective is that green buildings are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural environment by:
  • Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources
  • Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity
  • Reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation
A similar concept is natural building, which is usually on a smaller scale and tends to focus on the use of natural materials that are available locally. Other related topics include sustainable design and green architecture. Sustainability may be defined as meeting the needs of present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Although some green building programs don't address the issue of the retrofitting existing homes, others do, especially through public schemes for energy efficient refurbishment. Green construction principles can easily be applied to retrofit work as well as new construction.
A 2009 report by the U.S. General Services Administration found 12 sustainably designed buildings cost less to operate and have excellent energy performance. In addition, occupants were more satisfied with the overall building than those in typical commercial buildings




Eco Architecture

Eco architecture is architecture that seeks to minimize the negative environmental impact of buildings by efficiency and moderation in the use of materials, energy, and development space. Sustainable architecture uses a conscious approach to energy and ecological conservation in the design of the built environment.
The idea of sustainability, or ecological design, is to ensure that our actions and decisions today do not inhibit the opportunities of future generations

Going Green

Ways of reducing carbon dioxide emission
 
Switch to green eco friendly products. When constructing a house, think of sustainable architecture or green architecture. Use solar energy stove instead of petroleum gas. Renewable energy products can be put to maximum use. Change to hand made organic cotton dress instead of machine made ones. Try for skipping non vegetarian food items at least weekly one day. Make it a point to travel by air in case of emergency only. Start using the products which are environmentally friendly. Utilize maximum potential from natural resources which are available in plenty. Think about our future generation. If we are continuing the same life style, then almost no greenery will be available for them after 50 years. Today, now, if you and I started reducing our carbon footprint then the atmosphere will be protected from greenhouse gases and global warming.

EARTH need us how we need EARTH .

EARTH need us how we need EARTH .
 EARTH is a shield,she protect us from the ultra rays  that the sun send to us 

Monday, June 15, 2015

SAVE MOTHER EARTH - START RECYCLING

Recycling helps our environment. It can save our world from decomposing and becoming a total waste. Recycling is a way to make use of things that is just garbage for us. We can recycle some of the recyclable waste by just the way it is or just reuse it. Sometimes, we will need a certain process or equipment to turn waste into something useful. It is important to start recycling in one’s home.Recycling is a practice that should be done and start at home. Although some people just learn about it in school, certain recycling program or companies. But then, if it is not practiced at home, the person who learned about it might not continue doing it. So in order to do recycling, segregating waste or garbage should be done first. We should know what is recyclable and what is not.There are two kinds of waste, the organic and non-organic materials. There is also the chemical waste that should be disposed properly to which it cannot be recycled due to its component that can harm people. Plastics, paper, glass, metal and other non-organic waste can be recycled. But still, in order to easily choose which is which, you should also segregate this kind of wastes like paper should be put away from plastics.Organic wastes are usually wet or spoiled foods that can’t be recycled but still can be use to make fertilizers. There are junk or recycling shops that accept recyclable materials. You may also ask local council or municipal to know where these shops are located. These shops are the ones who recycle wastes or sold it to companies who will do the recycling. Just keep in mind that you are doing recycling for the world.If recycling is not done, our earth could be filled up with garbage. Garbage is also one of the reasons why there is flood in some areas. It clogs up the canals where flood should go. Recycling is one of the answers to our growing waste. As people increase, waste also increases. So in order to save our mother earth, we need to brace ourselves together to recycle waste materials. It is not just for us but for the next generations to come. If we don’t act now, there might be no future place for our children. If we act today and do our part for the environment, we will still have a place that is clean to live in this world.

Protect the Earth

You or I unknowingly emit lot of carbon particles into the atmosphere, when we are driving a scooter or car. We cook daily using petroleum gas cylinder, in that process we release some amount of carbon. Talk about electricity, without which we cannot survive. For this power generation process, again carbon dioxide is emitted. How do we commute daily? By car, by scooter, by bus, by auto all release different amount of carbon atoms. So, in our daily life, we are doing more harm to our environment. We cannot completely stop these activities, but we can try to reduce the amount of emission. We can always share our car or scooter with someone who lives nearby our home or our office. Switch off or unplug the electrical appliances when not in use. Go green for saving our environment.    

Thursday, June 11, 2015

DEBATE

At first the duties or rights? as you think?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       leave coments and argument         

Wednesday, June 10, 2015

HAARP

HAARP is a weapon of mass destruction.
Radio Waves strong enough to cause earthquakes are controlled by the U.S. military


It’s the largest ionospheric heater in the world. Capable of heating a 1000 square kilometer area of the ionosphere to over 50,000 degrees. It’s also a phased array. Which means it’s steer-able and those waves can be directed to a selected target area. What they have found is that by sending radio frequency energy up and focusing it, as they do with these kinds of instruments, it causes a heating effect. And that heating literally lifts the ionosphere within a 30 mile diameter area therein changing localized pressure systems or perhaps the route of jet streams. Moving a jet stream is a phenomenal event in terms of man being able to do this. The problem is we cannot model the system adequately. Long term consequences of atmospheric heating are unknown. Changing weather in one place can have a devastating downstream effect.  And H.A.A.R.P. has already been accused of modifying the weather.

Racism

Racism consists of ideologies and practices that seek to justify, or cause, the unequal distribution of privileges, rights or goods among different racial groups. Modern variants are often based in social perceptions of biological differences between peoples. These can take the form of social actions, practices or beliefs, or political systems that consider different races to be ranked as inherently superior or inferior to each other, based on presumed shared inheritable traits, abilities, or qualities. It may also hold that members of different races should be treated differently.
Among the questions about how to define racism are the question of whether to include forms of discrimination that are unintentional, such as making assumptions about preferences or abilities of others based on racial stereotypes, whether to include symbolic orinstitutionalized forms of discrimination such as the circulation of ethnic stereotypes through the media, and whether to include the sociopolitical dynamics of social stratification that sometimes have a racial component.
In sociology and psychology, some definitions include only consciously malignant forms of discrimination. Some definitions of racism also include discriminatory behaviors and beliefs based on cultural, national, ethnic, caste, or religious stereotypes. One view holds that racism is best understood as 'prejudice plus power' because without the support of political or economic power, prejudice would not be able to manifest as a pervasive cultural, institutional or social phenomenon.
While race and ethnicity are considered to be separate phenomena in contemporary social science, the two terms have a long history of equivalence in popular usage and older social science literature. Racism and racial discrimination are often used to describe discrimination on an ethnic or cultural basis, independent of whether these differences are described as racial. According to the United Nations convention, there is no distinction between the terms racial discrimination and ethnic discrimination, superiority based on racial differentiation is scientifically false, morally condemnable, socially unjust and dangerous, and there is no justification for racial discrimination, in theory or in practice, anywhere.
In history, racism was a driving force behind conquest and the Transatlantic slave trade, and behind states based on racial segregation such as the United States in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and South Africa under apartheid. Practices and ideologies of racism are universally condemned by the United Nations in theDeclaration of Human Rights. It has also been a major part of the political and ideological underpinning of genocides such as the Holocaust, but also in colonial contexts such as the rubber booms in South America and the Congo, and in the European conquest of the Americas and colonization of Africa
, Asia and Australia.

Global Warming

Coal, oil and natural gas are all carbon-based substances. When we burn these (for instance when we drive a car), they produce water and carbon dioxide. This carbon-dioxide enters the atmosphere and creates a sort of blanket for the globe, trapping heat. The burning of fossil fuels increases this ‘blanket effect'. Other well known greenhouse gasses are for instance methane (produced by certain bacteria and digestive processes) and nitrous oxide (produced for instance when fertilisers are applied to the soil in agricultural lands).

Results of global warming

In contrast to what many people think, global warming does not mean every individual place on the globe gets warmer year round. Instead, it is expected that the weather will get more diverse, and extreme. So dry warm places may get hotter and drier, whereas some places may get even wetter. Depressions get stronger and there is an increased risk of tropical storms reaching temperate areas.
The direct result of global warming is an increase in extreme weather events. Over the last few years we have seen some clear examples of this. Think of the extreme draughts in central USA (Read the whole report, July 2012) which causes an increase in mortality of humans as well as trees, leading to extensive forest die-offs. As a result, by 2050 we may see drought-stress in forests at a level unknown to the planet for over 1000 years (Williams et.al., 2012. Nature Climate Change).

Impacting global warming

A number of options exist to positively impact current patterns of global warming. One very logical option is to completely stop using fossil fuels, and start removing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses from the atmosphere. And although many alternative energy projects are under way  it is not expected that we will be independent of fossil carbon-based fuels any time soon. So what can we do now?

The status of Women in ancient Greece

The status of women in ancient Greece varied form city state to city state. Records exist of women in ancient Delphi, Gortyn, Thessaly, Megara and Sparta owning land, the most prestigious form of private property at the time.
In ancient Athens, women had no legal personhood and were assumed to be part of the oikos headed by the male kyrios. Until marriage, women were under the guardianship of their father or other male relative. Once married, the husband became a woman's kyrios. As women were barred from conducting legal proceedings, the kyrios would do so on their behalf. Athenian women had limited right to property and therefore were not considered full citizens, as citizenship and the entitlement to civil and political rights was defined in relation to property and the means to life.However, women could acquire rights over property through gifts, dowry and inheritance, though her kyrios had the right to dispose of a woman's property.Athenian women could enter into a contract worth less than the value of a “medimnos of barley” (a measure of grain), allowing women to engage in petty trading. Slaves, like women, were not eligible for full citizenship in ancient Athens, though in rare circumstances they could become citizens if freed. The only permanent barrier to citizenship, and hence full political and civil rights, in ancient Athens was gender. No women ever acquired citizenship in ancient Athens, and therefore women were excluded in principle and practice from ancient Athenian democracy.
By contrast, Spartan women enjoyed a status, power, and respect that was unknown in the rest of the classical world. Although Spartan women were formally excluded from military and political life they enjoyed considerable status as mothers of Spartan warriors. As men engaged in military activity, women took responsibility for running estates. Following protracted warfare in the 4th century BC Spartan women owned approximately between 35% and 40% of all Spartan land and property. By the Hellenistic Period, some of the wealthiest Spartans were women. They controlled their own properties, as well as the properties of male relatives who were away with the army. Spartan women rarely married before the age of 20, and unlike Athenian women who wore heavy, concealing clothes and were rarely seen outside the house, Spartan women wore short dresses and went where they pleased.Gymnopaedia ("Festival of Nude Youths").
Girls as well as boys received an education, and young women as well as young men may have participated in the 
Plato acknowledged that extending civil and political rights to women would substantively alter the nature of the household and the state. Aristotle, who had been taught by Plato, denied that women were slaves or subject to property, arguing that "nature has distinguished between the female and the slave", but he considered wives to be "bought". He argued that women's main economic activity is that of safeguarding the household property created by men. According to Aristotle the labour of women added no value because "the art of household management is not identical with the art of getting wealth, for the one uses the material which the other provides".
Contrary to these views, the Stoic philosophers argued for equality of the sexes, sexual inequality being in their view contrary to the laws of nature. In doing so, they followed the Cynics, who argued that men and women should wear the same clothing and receive the same kind of education. They also saw marriage as a moral companionship between equals rather than a biological or social necessity, and practiced these views in their lives as well as their teachings.The Stoics adopted the views of the Cynics and added them to their own theories of human nature, thus putting their sexual egalitarianism on a strong philosophical basis.

Women's rights

Women's rights are the rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls of many societies worldwide. In some places, these rights are institutionalized or supported by law, local custom, and behavior, whereas in others they may be ignored or suppressed. They differ from broader notions of human rights through claims of an inherent historical and traditional bias against the exercise of rights by women and girls in favour of men and boys.
Issues commonly associated with notions of women's rights include, though are not limited to, the right: to bodily integrity andautonomy; to vote; to hold public office; to work; to birth control; to have an abortion; to be free from rape; to fair wages or equal pay; to own property; to education; to serve in the military or be conscripted; to enter into legal contracts; and to have marital or parental rights

Monday, June 8, 2015

Dalai Lama

Buddhist monk and spiritual leader of Tibet, Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th and current Dalai Lama, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1989 for his nonviolent struggle for the liberation of Tibet. He has consistently advocated policies of nonviolence, even in the face of extreme aggression. He also became the first Nobel laureate to be recognized for his concern for global environmental problems.
 
And the man is busy in his pursuit of peace. He has received more than 150 awards, honorary doctorates and prizes in recognition of his message of peace, nonviolence, inter-religious understanding, universal responsibility and compassion.  He has also authored or co-authored more than 110 books; not to mention having more than 7 million followers on Twitter. For your daily dose of the Dalai, see @DalaiLama.


Martin Luther King Jr. (1929–1968)

American clergyman, activist, and leader in the African-American civil rights movement, Martin Luther King Jr. is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience. King led the first African-American nonviolent demonstration with the bus boycott, which began in 1955 and led to the end of segregation on buses. In the 11-year period between 1957 and 1968, King traveled more than 6 million miles and spoke more than 2,500 times, appearing wherever there was injustice, protest and action — all the while authoring five books and numerous essays. At the age of 35, King was the youngest man to have ever received the Nobel Peace Prize. He was assassinated four years later in 1968.

Oskar Schindler (1908–1974) 

An ethnic German and Catholic, Oskar Schindler was a ruthless industrialist and a member of the Nazi party. Yet despite the foreboding bio, Schindler risked it all to rescue more than 1,000 Jews from deportation to Auschwitz during World War II.
 
Why did he help? In a 1964 interview he said, “The persecution of Jews in the General Government in Polish territory gradually worsened in its cruelty. In 1939 and 1940, they were forced to wear the Star of David and were herded together and confined in ghettos. In 1941 and 1942, this unadulterated sadism was fully revealed. And then a thinking man, who had overcome his inner cowardice, simply had to help. There was no other choice.”
 
Schindler died in Germany, broke and virtually unknown, in 1974. Many of the people he helped and their descendents financed the transfer of his body for burial in Israel, his final wish. In 1993, the United States Holocaust Memorial Council posthumously presented the Museum's Medal of Remembrance to Schindler. 


Sunday, June 7, 2015

Chief Joseph

                                   Chief Joseph (18401904) 

Son of a Nez Perce chief during the United State’s westward expansion, Joseph was born at a time of many disputes over land treaties, which led to years of injustice and attacks from the American military. In 1871, Joseph became chief and worked hard to keep his tribe from retaliating against violence inflicted upon them. At one point, Chief Joseph negotiated a deal with the federal government that would allow his tribe to remain on their land; as was all too often the case in such situations, the government reversed the agreement three years later and threatened to attack if the tribe did not relocate to a reservation.

GANDHI

                           Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (1869–1948) 


  In 2007, the United Nations     General Assembly declared the day of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi’s birth, Oct. 2, as the International Day of NonViolence, and it’s no wonder. Developing and spreading the art of non-violent civil disobedience and applying it to a large scale, Gandhi  who was commonly known as Mahatma Gandhi  brilliantly brought independence to India and became an inspiration for movements of nonviolence, civil rights and freedom across the world

Nelson Mandela

The South African anti-apartheid revolutionary inspired an international campaign for his release from prison where he was serving a life sentence on charges of sabotage and conspiracy to overthrow the government. After 27 years in prison, he was released in 1990; three years later he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize with F.W. de Klerk for their work to undo South Africa’s racist apartheid policies. In 1994, Mandela was inaugurated as South Africa's first black president, a position he held until 1999. Among other accolades, he has variously been called "the father of the nation,” "the founding father of democracy,” and "the national liberator, the savior, its Washington and Lincoln rolled into one.

Friday, June 5, 2015

All together to contribute to environmental cleanup

All together to contribute to environmental cleanup . We are the leading cuase of enviromental pullotion,therefore must in general so all we have to clean and should not pollute the enviroment that surround us .


MOTHER TERESA

An ethnic Albanian born Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu (Albanian: [aˈɲɛz ˈɡɔɲdʒe bɔjaˈdʒiu]) (gonxha meaning "rosebud" or "little flower" in Albanian) on 26 August 1910, she considered 27 August, the day she was baptised, to be her "true birthday".Her birthplace of Skopje, now capital of the Republic of Macedonia, was at the time part of the Ottoman Empire.Her family continued to live in Skopje until 1934 , when they moved to Tirana in Albania.
She was the youngest of the children of Nikollë and Dranafile Bojaxhiu (Bernai). Her father, who was involved in Albanian politics, died in 1919 when she was eight years old. Her father may have been from PrizrenKosovo while her mother may have been from a village near Yakova.
According to a biography written by Joan Graff Clucas, in her early years Agnes was fascinated by stories of the lives of missionaries and their service in Bengal, and by age 12 had become convinced that she should commit herself to a religious life. Her final resolution was taken on 15 August 1928, while praying at the shrine of the Black Madonna of Letnice, where she often went on pilgrimage.
She left home at age 18 to join the Sisters of Loreto as a missionary. She never again saw her mother or sister.
Agnes initially went to the Loreto Abbey in Rathfarnham, Ireland, to learn English, the language the Sisters of Loreto used to teach school children in India. She arrived in India in 1929, and began her novitiate in Darjeeling, near the Himalayan mountains,where she learnt Bengali and taught at the St. Teresa's School, a schoolhouse close to her convent.She took her first religious vows as a nun on 24 May 1931. At that time she chose to be named after Thérèse de Lisieux, the patron saint of missionaries,but because one nun in the convent had already chosen that name, Agnes opted for the Spanish spelling Teresa.
She took her solemn vows on 14 May 1937, while serving as a teacher at the Loreto convent school in Entally, eastern Calcutta. Teresa served there for almost twenty years and in 1944 was appointed headmistress.
Although Teresa enjoyed teaching at the school, she was increasingly disturbed by the poverty surrounding her in Calcutta(Kolkata).The Bengal famine of 1943 brought misery and death to the city; and the outbreak of Hindu/Muslim violence in August 1946 plunged the city into despair and horror.

Respect

Respect is a positive feeling of esteem or deference for a person or other entity (such as a nation or a religion), and also specific actions andconduct representative of that esteem. Respect can be a specific feeling of regard for the actual qualities of the one respected (e.g., "I have great respect for her judgment"). It can also boften
e conduct in accord with a specific ethic of respect.
Respect can be both given and/or received. Depending on an individual's cultural reference frame, respect can be something that is earned. Respect is often thought of as earned or built over time. Often, continued caring interactions are required to maintain or increase feelings of respect among individuals. Chivalry, by some definitions, contains the outward display of respect.
Respect should not be confused with tolerance. The antonym and opposite of respect is disrespect.

Thursday, June 4, 2015

Both Rights and Obligations

 Human rights entail both rights and obligations. States assume obligations and duties under international law to respect, to protect and to fulfil human rights. The obligation to respect means that States must refrain from interfering with or curtailing the enjoyment of human rights. The obligation to protect requires States to protect individuals and groups against human rights abuses. The obligation to fulfil means that States must take positive action to facilitate the enjoyment of basic human rights. At the individual level, while we are entitled our human rights, we should also respect the human rights of others


Wednesday, June 3, 2015

Human Rights

PREAMBLE

Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,
Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people,
Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,
Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations,
Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,
Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in co-operation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms,
Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,
Now, Therefore THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY proclaims THIS UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction. 

Article 1.

  • All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Article 2.

  • Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.

Article 3.

  • Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.

Article 4.

  • No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.

Article 5.

  • No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

Article 6.

  • Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.

Article 7.

  • All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.

Article 8.

  • Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.

Article 9.

  • No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.

Article 10.

  • Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.

Article 11.

  • (1) Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.
  • (2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.

Article 12.

  • No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.

Article 13.

  • (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state.
  • (2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.

Article 14.

  • (1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.
  • (2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

Article 15.

  • (1) Everyone has the right to a nationality.
  • (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.

Article 16.

  • (1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
  • (2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.
  • (3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.

Article 17.

  • (1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.
  • (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property

Article 18.

  • Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.

Article 19.

  • Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.

Article 20.

  • (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
  • (2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association.

Article 21.

  • (1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.
  • (2) Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country.
  • (3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.

Article 22.

  • Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.

Article 23.

  • (1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
  • (2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.
  • (3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.
  • (4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.

Article 24.

  • Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.

Article 25.

  • (1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.
  • (2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.

Article 26.

  • (1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.
  • (2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.
  • (3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.

Article 27.

  • (1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.
  • (2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.

Article 28.

  • Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.

Article 29.

  • (1) Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible.
  • (2) In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.
  • (3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

Article 30.

  • Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.